Lao-Tzu vs. Machiavelli - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1344 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Politics Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Lao-tzu vs. Machiavelli Government is the essential authority of a country or state, which directly affects society because it provides key securities. How directly involved should the government be in the personal lives of society? To answer this I will look to the ideas of Lao-tzu (sixth century B. C. ), believed to be author of the Tao-te Ching, and Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527), author of The Prince There are few ways in which they are similar, but have very opposite views and ideas of government. Lao-tzu’s view is government should not have optimal power over the people He feels as though the less people know they are being governed, the happier they will be. For example, in the Tao-te Ching Lao-tzu states, â€Å"If you want to be a great leader,/ you must learn to follow the Tao. / Stop trying to control. /Let go of fixed plans and concepts,/ and the world will govern itself. † (Verse 57) In Lao-tzu’s writing he refers to the governing body as master. If things happen as nature intends them there will be no need for the Master to make promises he cannot and does not intend to keep. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Lao-Tzu vs. Machiavelli" essay for you Create order For instance line 16 verse 29 of the Tao-te Ching, â€Å"The Master sees things as they are/ without trying to control them. /She lets them go their own way,/ and resides at the center of the circle. † Lao-tzu takes into consideration the individuals and what they can do for themselves, not what they can do for the master. The Master completes the task at hand and does not brag on himself. When this is done the people will think they have done the thing on their own and be proud. Lao-tzu believes people will do the right thing. Wealth and possession of lavish material things are of no concern. In a sense let go of desired things rather than needs. As Lao-tzu sees it when one person has no more than his neighbor he will not desire to have what he does not. Therefore theft will be nonexistent. Lao-tzu does not believe in the use of weapons, man should have no enemies. We are all human and should not bring violence to others. Violence is only â€Å"approved† of in the most urgent situation. If you must kill a man you should not be grateful, but regretful all that follow the Tao value human life. Too much government will lead to ill will toward the state and oppression of the people. When government doesn’t over burden its people, they are content. As Lao-tzu end the Tao,† If a country is governed wisely, / its inhabitants will be content. / They enjoy the labor of their hands/ and don’t waste time inventing/ labor-saving machines. / Since they dearly love their homes,/ they aren’t interested in travel. / There may be few wagons and boats,/ but these don’t go anywhere. / There may be an arsenal of weapons,/ but nobody uses them. / People enjoy their food,/take pleasure in being with their families,/ spend weekends working in their gardens,/ delight in the doings of the neighborhood. And even though the next country is so close that people can hear its roosters crowing and its dog barking,/they are content to die of old age/ without ever having gone to see it. † (Verse 80, Tao-te Ching) Machiavelli, on the other hand, is almost the exact opposite of Lao-tzu. Machiavelli refers to the governing body as the â€Å"Prince. â₠¬  The prince should gain and maintain power by any means necessary including the use of brute force. Unlike Lao-tzu Machiavelli believes the prince should consider nothing other than war. If he is not at war then he should be thinking of scenarios in which he and his army would protect themselves should an attack occur. Not doing so could lose the state for him as Machiavelli states, â€Å"it is evident that when princes have given more thought to personal luxuries than to arms, they have lost their state. †(p. 40) Machiavelli believes a man should always be armed. It makes more sense for an unarmed man to follow the orders of an armed than the opposite. If the prince does not educate himself in military affairs not only will he not be able to trust his soldiers but they will not follow his orders. The prince must appear to be good but behind the scenes he really is not. In order for him to appear generous he should display his wealth whenever possible. He will use his own resources first, then do everything he can to collect the money from the people. In doing so, his subjects will be exposed to poverty. This will cause them to distrust the prince and may lead to an uprising. To avoid such a catastrophe he must come across as a â€Å"miser. † He should not worry himself with this. Eventually he will prove he is not as greedy as he was thought to be. Once this is evident he can protect himself and wage war without raising taxes and stressing his subjects. Machiavelli thinks it is better for the prince to be feared than loved. As he explains, â€Å"And men are less hesitant about harming someone who makes himself loved than one who makes himself feared because love is held together by a chain of obligation which, since men are a sorry lot, is broken on every occasion in which their own self-interest is concerned; but fear is held together by dread of punishment which will never abandon you. †(p. 46) However, he must not be so feared to the point he is hated. To do so he must not take what does not belong to him. According to Machiavelli, a wise Prince will not keep his word if the circumstances for which he made a certain promise are no longer relevant. Machiavelli uses the following statement to defend this reasoning, â€Å"but since men are a sorry lot and will not keep their promises to you, you likewise need not keep yours to them. †(p. 48). At any point being deceitful will benefit him, he must do so, but not so obviously he will be found out. He will do something for the state and brag on himself as opposed to Lao-tzu, who would let the citizens think they had done such a great thing. The prince must also keep himself from being despised and hated. As stated above the things that would make him despised the most would be: if he were to steal money, land and women from his subjects. Machiavelli lists other things which will make a prince despised, â€Å"What makes him despised is being considered changeable, frivolous, effeminate, cowardly, irresolute. † In other words if the citizens feel the prince is quick to change at the will of another, appears that thing aren’t important to him, stressed or afraid his subjects may begin to think he is not worthy of being their prince. The prince must always â€Å"pretend† he is something he may not be. Where in Machiavelli’s idea of government the prince only thinks of himself and what he can gain; Lao-tzu’s master thinks of the citizens and what will work best to keep them happy. Though these two great thinkers are very different they do have one thing in common. This, generally speaking, at the end of the day as long as the state is maintained by the governing body everyone is happy. Be it with little or no government at all in Lao-tzu’s opinion or Machiavelli’s with the brute force of military and deceit. I feel if these two types of government came together as one, with little government involvement, but authority when needed the world might be a little bit better place Works Cited Jacobus, Lee A. LAO-TZU Thoughts from the Tao-te Ching. A World of Ideas: Essential Readings for College Writers. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2006. 21-31. Print. Jacobus, Lee A. Niccolo Machiavelli The Qualities of the Prince. A World of Ideas: Essential Readings for College Writers. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2006. 37-52. Print.

A Tale of Two Cities The Victorian Era and the...

Joshua Wohlgemuth A Tale of Two Cities: The Victorian Era and the Abandonment of Spirituality Throughout the early to mid 19th Century, a new and cultural age took hold of Europe, specifically Great Britain with the commencing of the Victorian Era. Marked by impressive achievements such as the Industrial Revolution, La Belle Epoque, and the beginnings of an urban middle class, this era was also plagued with child labor, poor hygiene, prostitution, the constant class distinctions, and a bloody revolution. Many believe that the aforementioned events were caused by a distancing of the populous from the church, resulting in a lack of spirituality, while others maintain that this spiritual vacuum was a response to deteriorating conditions.†¦show more content†¦Dickens is able to portray such irrationality through the character of Madame Defarge. Defarge is a cruel revolutionary whose hatred of the aristocracy fuels a tireless crusade of killing and accusations. Eventually Defarge’s anger and illogicality culminate when she heads a campaign to indict and execute C harles Darnay for the crimes of his cruel aristocratic uncle, Marquis Evremonde. Defarge is unable to empathize with the innocent Darnay just as the aristocracy was unable to empathize with the bourgeois, symbolizing that the spiritual void has come full circle. The evolution of this omnipresent spiritual vacuum culminates in the final third of A Tale of Two Cities where Dickens makes it quite apparent through universal societal apathy that there was an abandonment of spirituality as a result of failing living conditions. Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities illustrates the frustrations that critics had with a diminishing sense of spirituality during the Victorian Era. Despite significant achievements such as the Industrial Revolution, La Belle Epoque, and the beginnings of an urban middle class, Victorian authors like Dickens were troubled and appalled with the dwindling conditions like child labor, poor hygiene, prostitution, the constant class distinctions, etc†¦ Dickens uses a myriad of characters to represent a society that had a vacuum of spirituality during a time of revolution. Furthermore, heShow MoreRelatedA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesthe Fashioning of Images† VI. The Picatrix: Lunar Mansions in Western Astrology VII. W. B. Yeats and â€Å"A Vision:† The Arab Mansions of the Moon On Ritual and Talismans Picatrix Astrological Magic Aphorisms Extracts on Planetary Ritual Clothing Twenty Two Benefic Astrological Talismans Astrology, Magical Talism ans and the Mansions of the Moon Ritual of Jupiter An Astrological Election of Mercury in the First Face of Virgo for Wealth and Growth XIV. Invocation of Mercury On the Decans and Tarot XV. XVI

Differences in Media Advertising of The Coca Cola Company across cultures Free Essays

Introduction This Report has been carried out in order to assess the difference in media advertising of Coke, an exclusive product of The Coca Cola Company in Nepal and the UK. There are various approaches and marketing theories used in advertising through different Medias. In both of the countries, they follow entirely different theories in promoting the communication regarding the product. We will write a custom essay sample on Differences in Media Advertising of The Coca Cola Company across cultures or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are various factors such as cultural, social, geographical, demographical, political effect directly to the model of marketing communication. Background: The product that has given the world its best-known taste was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886. Dr. John Stith Pemberton, a local pharmacist, produced the syrup for Coca-Cola ®, and carried a jug of the new product down the street to Jacobs’ Pharmacy, where it was sampled, pronounced â€Å"excellent† and placed on sale for five cents a glass as a soda fountain drink. Carbonated water was teamed with the new syrup to produce a drink that was at once â€Å"Delicious and refreshing,† a theme that continues to echo today wherever Coca-Cola is enjoyed. (Anon., 2011) The above images show two completely diverse type of advertising, in two different countries. One in the left is from Nepal which shows the Coke is available at Rupees. 5 (?0.05), whereas in the right side, from the UK which represents Coca Cola as a romantic cold drink. The advertising plan has been allocated and implemented in such a way, so that the target audiences of each of the country get influence to use the product. This is how the consumers perceive the advertising in both of the countries, which are totally distinguished from each other. Marketing Communication process Above is the marketing communication model which implies how the communication flows from a sender to a target audience (Receiver). It clarifies how the process works when the communication executes from another source to another. Initially, when a sender intends to send a message, the messages get encoded so that it can be presented through some media to the receiver. Then, as the media presents the message in encoded format through the media there emerges some noise which affects all the components of the communication process. As it passes by to the receiver then a receiver decodes the message as per his/her own perception. The receiver acts as how the messages have been perceive by him/her. The impact goes to the sender as upon the results being achieved or not, through the behaviour of consumers. The coca cola companies in both of the countries follow the same process to undertake the marketing communication, just the matter fact is about the way the consumer perceive or ways of decoding the encoded messages. Like in UK mostly the messages focuses on attracting consumer through standardised messages, whereas in Nepal, still tries to centralise consumer through other beneficial issues. Below images show the differences in the adverts between UK and Nepal. Pinpoint View of Marketing Communication model of both of the countries. Nepal vs. United Kingdom Sender: – Source who intends to spread the message, the marketers of the Company BNL[1] (Nepal) vs. CCE[2]. (UK). Encoding: – The effective way to create message to influence consumer. Marketing Department (Nepal) vs. MD[3] or Agencies (UK) do encoding. Noise: – the elements that restrict to perceiving the message is noise. A distortion created by annoying or non-acceptable adverts. Message/Media: – The real information about the product intended to be seen by the consumer. Like Newspaper, radio, TV, pamphlets, holding boards, shutter (Nepal) vs. Internet, moving billboard, TV, vehicles etc. (UK). Encoding: – How the target audience perceive the message, influential or un-influentialLike Coke has gone (Financial) cheaper (Nepal) vs. Coke is (emotional) romantic to have (UK). Receiver: – Final Consumer consuming or not consuming the product as per their perception towards the decoding. Laborious/hard worker to get refreshment (taking Coke just as a cheaper cold drink) in Nepal vs. consumer as to get relax from all stress and get into emotional part of life. The response Models for above Advertisement So far the theories of IMC[4] is concerned the basic model which can be assess for these two different types of advertising, are â€Å"Hierarchy of Effects† model, AIDA[5] Model, Innovation Adoption Model and Information Processing. These entire four models pass through different stages i. e. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral. The â€Å"Hierarchy of Effects† model is about how consumers change through a gradual procedure as they perceive marketing messages that lead them to forward an action to take decision, whereas AIDA concerns with attention, interest, desire and action towards it. There are three stages of every model, which shows how a consumer reacts or responses towards a particular marketing advertisement. Below the diagram show how the models pass through each stage. While the above theme advertising of Nepal and UK are concerned, when a consumer sees the advertisement, he/she firstly it builds up the mind being rational to take the product as which in AIDA model can be attention, in hierarchy of effect it is awareness/knowledge about it, in innovation adoption it is awareness/adoption and where as in information processing it is presentation and attention. Every model has in first stage is to recognizing the product. Secondly, the stage which is called affective which starts affecting the mind of consumer like as per AIDA model it generates interest and desire to have or not to have it, in Hierarchy of effect model there emerges linking, preference and conviction towards the product. The last stage is the behavioral stage, consumer forward the action to buy or not to buy in all the models a consumer does the decision. Figure 5 Marketing Communication Response Models Coca-Cola Marketing Mix Marketing mix is the mix of four elements that have been developed in order to market a particular product. As per marketing theory, there are basically four elements named as 4. These are four elements that contribute to assess the market situation to up market the product. Mar. MixCountryNepalUnited Kingdom Product (Design, Packaging, Eco-friendly, SafeNormal handy bottles, plastic bottles, can is rarely used.Cans, rarely use of bottles, Pet plastic bottles. Price (Reasonable, Affordable, pricing strategies)Reasonable/Affordable for the bottled but extremely high for cans, price differs from region to region.Reasonable and affordable Place (Channels, Media)Local shops, Distributors, retailers direct from bottling company.Super markets, off license, streets shops. Promotion (Public Relation, Sales promotion, Advertising, Sponsoring sports, on the spot monetary valued prizesSocial service/sports events sponsorship, coupons, discounts, eco-friendly advertising. Figure 6 Marketing Mix Snapshots Coca-Cola SWOT Analysis (Nepal) Strengths: The strengths of a business or organisation are positive elements, something they do well and is under their control. The strengths of a company or group and value to it, and can be what gives it the edge in some areas over the competitors. The following section will outline main strengths of Coca Cola Being a market leader, as Coca Cola is a key to their success as it boosts reputation, profit and market share. Competitive pricing is a vital element of Coca Cola’s overall success, as this keeps them in line with their rivals, if not above them. Keeping costs lower than their competitors and keeping the cost advantages helps Coca Cola pass on some of the benefits to consumers. Coca Cola’s marketing strategy has proved to be effective, helping to raise profiles and profits and standing out as a major strength. Coca Cola’s innovation keeps it a front-runner in Beverages Manufacturing Company as it is regularly turning out new patents/proprietary technology. Experienced employees are key to the success of Coca Cola helping to drive them forward with expertise and knowledge. High quality machinery, staff, offices and equipment ensure the job is done to the utmost standard, and is strength of Coca Cola. Coca Cola has an extensive customer base, which is a major strength regarding sales and profit. Coca Cola’s reputation is strong and popular, meaning people view it with respect and believe in it. Being financially strong helps Coca Cola deal with any problems, ride any dip in profits and out perform their rivals. A strong brand is an essential strength of Coca Cola as it is recognised and respected. Coca Cola has a high percentage of the market share, meaning it is ahead of many competitors. Coca Cola’s distribution chain can be listed as one of their strengths and links to success. High quality products/services are a vital strength, helping to ensure customers return to Coca Cola. Coca Cola’s international operations mean a wider customer base, a stronger brand and a bigger chunk of the global market. Coca Cola’s position in the market is high and strong – a major strength in this industry as they are ahead of many rivals. Supplier relationships are strong at Coca Cola, which can only be seen as strength in their overall performance. Weaknesses: Weaknesses of a company or organisation are things that need to be improved or perform better, which are under their control. Weaknesses are also things that place you behind competitors, or stop you being able to meet objectives. This section will present main weaknesses of Coca Cola Coca Cola’s RD work is low and insignificant, which is a major weakness in Beverages Manufacturing Company as it is constantly creating new products. Not having an effective marketing strategy seriously hampers the success of Coca Cola. Over pricing, setting too high prices for Coca Cola products/services makes them uncompetitive, which is a major weakness. The lack of business alliances is a major weakness for Coca Cola, as they will struggle to get deals, favours and partnerships. Coca Cola’s lack of innovation limits its success, as there is no forward thinking. Good companies need loyal employees, but Coca Cola has a poor relationship with staff which affects performance. Online presence is vital for success these days, and lack of one is a limitation for Coca Cola. Coca Cola’s underdeveloped distribution chain has a marked effect on performance as it affects the distribution of their products/services. A limited customer base is a major weakness for Coca Cola as it means they have less people to sell or market to. Coca Cola’s weak supplier relationships also have an adverse effect on success, as it cuts ability to negotiate. Absence of Governmental support Price Difference geographically. Opportunities: Opportunities are external changes, trends or needs that could enhance the business or organisation’s strategic position, or which could be of a benefit to them. This section will outline opportunities that Coca Cola is currently facing. Coca Cola could benefit from expanding their online presence and making more money from online shoppers/internet users. The changes in the way consumers spend and what they buy provides a big opportunity for Coca Cola to explore. The growth of the Beverages Manufacturing Company industry is an opportunity for Coca Cola to grasp. New market opportunities could be a way to push Coca Cola forward. Coca Cola has the opportunity to enter a niche market, gain leading position and therefore boost financial performance. Reaching out into other markets is a possibility for Coca Cola, and a big opportunity. Grasping the opportunity to expand the customer base is something Coca Cola can aim for, either geographically or through new products. Forming strategic alliances and joint ventures is an opportunity for Coca Cola to maximise profit and gain new business. Coca Cola has a number of highly skilled staff, which is an opportunity for them to explore as expertise of their staff can help Coca Cola to bring the business forward. Structural changes in the industry open other doors and opportunities for Coca Cola. Threats: Threats are factors which may restrict damage or put areas of the business or organisation at risk. They are factors which are outside of the company’s control. Being aware of the threats and being able to prepare for them makes this section valuable when considering contingency plans and strategies. This section will outline main threats Coca Cola is currently facing. Consumer lifestyle changes could lead to less of a demand for Coca Cola products/services. Tax increases placing additional financial burdens on Coca Cola could be a threat. Change in demographics could threaten Coca Cola. Regulations requiring money to be spent or measures to be taken could put financial or other pressure on Coca Cola. Changes in the way consumers shop and spend and other changing consumer patterns could be a threat to Coca Cola’s performance. Not keeping up with changes in technology could be detrimental to the future of Coca Cola as they could slip behind their rivals. The actions of a competitor could be a major threat against Coca Cola, for instance, if they bring in new technology or increase their workforce to meet demand. Price wars between competitors, price cuts and so on could damage profits for Coca Cola. A slow economy or financial slowdown could have a major impact on Coca Cola business and profits. Rising costs could be a major downfall for Coca Cola as it would eat into profit. Coca Cola could be threatened by the growing power customers have to set the price of their products/services. Structural changes in the industry could be a threat for Coca Cola. Coca-Cola SWOT Analysis (UK) The following SWOT analysis looks at Coca Cola UK which is operating in Beverages Manufacturing Company industry. The analysis shows Coca Cola UK’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. The SWOT analysis will give you a clear picture of the business environment Coca Cola UK is operating in at the present time. Strengths: The strengths of a business or organisation are positive elements, something they do well and is under their control. The strengths of a company or group and value to it, and can be what gives it the edge in some areas over the competitors. The following section will outline main strengths of Coca Cola UK. Being a market leader, as Coca Cola UK is, is key to their success as it boosts reputation, profit and market share. Competitive pricing is a vital element of Coca Cola UK’s overall success, as this keeps them in line with their rivals, if not above them. Keeping costs lower than their competitors and keeping the cost advantages helps Coca Cola UK pass on some of the benefits to consumers. The services/products offered by Coca Cola UK are original, meaning many people will return to Coca Cola UK to obtain them. Coca Cola UK’s marketing strategy has proved to be effective, helping to raise profiles and profits and standing out as a major strength. Coca Cola UK’s innovation keeps it a front-runner in Beverages Manufacturing Company as it is regularly turning out new patents/proprietary technology. Experienced employees are the key to the success of Coca Cola UK helping to drive them forward with expertise and knowledge. High quality machinery, staff, offices and equipment ensure the job is done to the utmost standard, and is strength of Coca Cola UK. Coca Cola UK has an extensive customer base, which is a major strength regarding sales and profit. Coca Cola UK’s reputation is strong and popular, meaning people view it with respect and believe in it. Being financially strong helps Coca Cola UK deal with any problems, ride any dip in profits and out perform their rivals. A strong brand is an essential strength of Coca Cola UK as it is recognised and respected. Coca Cola UK has a high percentage of the market share, meaning it is ahead of many competitors. Coca Cola UK’s distribution chain can be listed as one of their strengths and links to success. High quality products/services is a vital strength, helping to ensure customers return to Coca Cola UK. Coca Cola UK’s international operations mean a wider customer base, a stronger brand and a bigger chunk of the global market. Development and innovation are high at Coca Cola UK with regard to their products/services, which is a sure strength in its overall performance. Coca Cola UK’s position in the market is high and strong – a major strength in this industry as they are ahead of many rivals. The online presence of Coca Cola UK is strong, meaning it is ahead of many competitors. Supplier relationships are strong at Coca Cola UK, which can only be seen as strength in their overall performance. Socially Active participation Weaknesses: Weaknesses of a company or organisation are things that need to be improved or perform better, which are under their control. Weaknesses are also things that place you behind competitors, or stop you being able to meet objectives. This section will present main weaknesses of Coca Cola UK. Online presence is vital for success these days, and lack of one is a limitation for Coca Cola UK. Opportunities: Opportunities are external changes, trends or needs that could enhance the business or organisation’s strategic position, or which could be of a benefit to them. This section will outline opportunities that Coca Cola UK is currently facing. Looking at export opportunities is a way for Coca Cola UK to raise profits. Grasping the opportunity to expand the customer base is something Coca Cola UK can aim for, either geographically or through new products. Expanding into other markets could be a possibility for Coca Cola UK. Health conscious production Threats: Threats are factors which may restrict damage or put areas of the business or organisation at risk. They are factors which are outside of the company’s control. Being aware of the threats and being able to prepare for them makes this section valuable when considering contingency plans and strategies. This section will outline main threats Coca Cola UK is currently facing. Regulations requiring money to be spent or measures to be taken could put financial or other pressure on Coca Cola UK. Price wars between competitors, price cuts and so on could damage profits for Coca Cola UK. A slow economy or financial slowdown could have a major impact on Coca Cola UK business and profits. Rising costs could be a major downfall for Coca Cola UK as it would eat into profit. Substitute products available on the market present a major threat to Coca Cola UK. Health Issues like (Obesity, Diabetic) Marketing Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Market segmentation is the categorization of a market into various groups of customers with specifically same wants and product/service necessities. In another word, it is the categorization of a huge market into recognizable and specific groups or clusters, in which they all have the same wants and behavior and action as per the marketing initiatives. The diagram above shows how the STP process acts. The market information lets STP process to grow and to analyse the real situation to go further, after which a marketing decision can be undertaken. In Segmentation the process market information leads to identifying similar groups of customers when if research is done then the group can be divided into different groups like male/female, aged group, regional group etc. Market STP in Nepal The Nepalese market for Coca Cola, in general, practice group marketing advance with product variations in the past. The socio-economic transformations and growth in Nepalese economy and political system have made Coca cola marketers conscious of market segmentation. The marketing strategies of Coca Cola have reinforced this awareness. Market Segmentation: The points below clarify the way of market segmentation of Coca Cola in Nepal. Non- organized: – Market segmentation in Nepal, in general, is not backed up with organised research. Previous practice, premonition of organization and competitor’s strategy has manipulated segmentation. Variables for Segmentation: The variables mainly used for consumer market segmentation are: Geographic Demographic Psychographic Behavioural Be short of Information: Nepalese Coca Cola marketer lacks broad information about consumer characteristics. They have a tendency to look upon marketing research as a â€Å"improvident cost†. This has guarded the helpful assessment of market segments in terms of their magnetism and correctness. Risks are not correctly measured. Government procedures: – Government policies in Nepal are not very sympathetic in marketing. They do not look upon any business as contributors for improvement. Boundaries of movement of goods and controls have downcast market segmentation. Be short of moral concern: – Ecological and wellbeing concerns are, in general, unnoticed for market segmentation in Nepal. The above points clearly point out that the notion of market segmentation is at first stage in Nepal. However, the importance of market segmentation is likely to enhance in the years to come. Targeting: Nepal As per the segmentation of Coke in Nepal, the targeting has been done as per the variables as below, Geographic: – Who lives in plain areas, where the temperature is likely to be high in all season. In central region where half of the year remains hot in temperature. Demographic: – The people aged between 16 to 40 years, who have average level of income, who work hard, especially males and having less of family member. Psychographic: – People who are literate and can understand the brand name of Coke are targeted. Behavioural: – As per this segmentation the targeting goes on to the group of people who involve in the cultural and ritual who are likely to use the product in their ceremonial. In this segmentation, people who have habits drinking chilled soft drinks are targeted. Positioning; Market positioning is done in accordance to the brand recognition in the market. It’s the tendency of consumer of what and how they see the company, which can some under any high end, middle end or low end of position. While positioning has to be done in order to keep the company to a distinguish position to keep the corporate image. There are some variables that have to be considered in order to position in market. The variables are pricing, quality, service, distribution and packaging. The diagram below shows the market position of Coca Cola in Nepal, comparatively to its closest competitor PepsiCo Nepal. Figure 8 Market Positioning in Nepal (Source: – PPT) As per the diagram and the data available from the sources Coca Cola stands in the left hand side and in the middle, which means it has a good quality having reasonable price where as its closest competitor Pepsi Cola stays as in the middle of the crossed line, which means it has same price but having bit down in quality. This is assumption taken by the economic analyst of Nepal beverages market. Market STP in UK The United Kingdom has approximately, around per capita income of $ 36,298 in 2010, where people are in large numbers of buyers and sellers. In general, it can be said as the living standard of people is quite high in term of economic scale. Market segmentation is easily done in respect of geographic, demographic, behavioural and psychographic variables. Market Segmentation By dividing a category into segments, businesses can identify different groups of consumer wants. It is then possible to design products to meet those requirements. Each segment within the overall range of Coca-Cola meets specific consumer wants. Coca-Cola GB carries out extensive market research to identify consumer wants in every segment of category in which it operates. For example, market research analysis of the demographics of consumers in Great Britain revealed a growth in smaller households. The appropriate product response was to produce 1.25 liters share-size bottles. A study of occasions when people drink sports drinks showed the importance of making it available in leisure centres. Other research showed that the famous original Coca-Cola glass bottle is best targeted at restaurants and special party occasions. Market research into where specific products are consumed influences the design of pack types e.g. a 2 litre bottle for family consumption at home and a smaller 500 ml bottle for consumption ‘on the move’. (The Time 100, 2011) Variables: Geographical: – Geographical wise Coca cola has segmented almost all region, city, town centres, and counties. Demographic: – Especially, in this variable, mostly the consumer divided as per their age, gender, race, religion, family size, nationality, income etc. Psychographic: – This segmentation includes the factors like activities, interests, perception, values, attitude etc. Behavioural: – This factor relates with the behaviour of consumer. So, the segmentation is done as per quality, economy, service, looks, Heavy user, and moderate user, light user, Regular, potential, first time user, irregular, occasional, Hard core loyal, split loyal, shifting, switches, readiness to buy, Holidays and occasion stimulate customer to purchase, Attitude toward offering. Targeting The market targets in the segmentation are The entire region, town centres, where people are in crowd. Male female both aged between 18 to 40 years. People who are mostly involve in sports. Heavy user, regular, ready to buy and consumes in occasion are targeted. The figure above has been extracted from a researching website, which reveals the difference between two products. Here, the figure shows the difference attitudes relating to Coke and Pepsi and overall high rating goes to Coke, Which means in market consumers have keep Coke in top level more than its closest competitor Pepsi. Figure 10 Coke vs. Pepsi War, Source : – (Free Web Space, 2011) This figure also has been taken from a forum, which has a voting survey. The concluding report shows the Coca Cola brand has a good position in the market. So, the market positioning of Coca Cola in UK stands in a top position. Marketing strategy Philip Kotler discussed five issues of marketing strategy in his 9th edition of Marketing Management. They are as follows Differentiating and Positioning the Market Offering Developing New Products Managing Life cycle Strategies Designing marketing Strategies for Market Leaders, Challengers, Followers, and Niches Designing and Managing Global Marketing Strategies Marketing Strategies Nepal The marketing strategy for Coke is phrased â€Å"Refresh the market place† which includes : A robust consumer response system to address any consumer concerns, Ideas, suggestions – either on product and its quality or on stock supply – maintenance of equipment etc. All consumer concerns are dealt with in a fair timely and friendly manner, so as to satisfy them and resolve their concerns. Marketing and advertising communications are focused on (point-of-sale), radio, TV, hoardings, truck backs. Emphasis is also placed on consumer price to enforce compliance. Marketing communications and advertising are customised to suit to local sentiments – social, religious, ethnic. Innovative package and pack sizes are offered to give better value to consumers and ease of storage to retailers. Price and packs are introduced in a format that is affordable to all segments of society. Marketing Strategies UK The CCGB is highly aware of health, environment and community and have a theme of responsible marketing. The responsible marketing means in the sense of how and to whom it targets it market. As taking into account its assumption following are the point wise theories of it. Offering large choice of beverages Ensuring marketing values remain focused around positivity and optimism. Responsibly acting and highlighting traditional and non-traditional Medias. Continuing being a part of broad coalition to promote healthy diet and physical activity. Transparency in all activities that concern about the company. Socially active in sponsoring under-privileged people and sports related issues. Not targeting or inspiring children to consume the drinks that may leave impact in them through television. Fulfilled local and community laws that prevent children to be impacted through television who are less than 16 years, following the restriction that has been set by OFCOM’s limiting advertisement. Working with independent consultant to monitor the activity of all advertisements. Don’t have any connection with early schools in terms of advertisement. Always aware of advertising where there is large number of under aged children becomes the audiences. Publicity and Offering low calorie or sugar in cinemas, leisure parks and any other dine in restaurants, which encourage consumers to have healthy drinking. Not at any cost the company is ready to offer or accept offer where the audience becomes children under 16. Continuing to listen to the parents’ concerns about impact of online marketing to children who are under 12. Online rewards as promotion is execute with age verification. Encouraging parents to use the parental controlling software to control their children. Using own industry leading template to assess suitability of digital campaigns and web sites. Advertising Advertising Medias in the United Kingdom Active Marketing Media (Television,) Semi Active Marketing medias (Offline) Online Marketing Sports and Physical activity Marketing Targeting community to take part in sports related events and activities for healthy and fit life, e. g sponsoring any particular games, Olympics, world cup, European cup and community matches etc. Even in secondary school, the company is highly active in providing the resources to motivate the scholars to participate in physical and sports related activities. Advertising Medias in Nepal As Nepal being a developing country, it can use the minimal benefit of technology. It uses radio, newspaper, television, billboards, shop’s shutter and pamphlets. The most famous advertising offline media in Nepal is painting in the doors, walls, shutters. As below is the image of it. There is a trend in people of whom property is been targeted to have such advertising. The marketer/advertiser has to paint whole house instead of permitting to paint the advertising. Even if a marketer wants to put a billboard in anyone’s house, the house owner demands to top-up one storey in the building for him/her. It’s totally diverse kind of trend that Nepalese marketers are facing right now which the marketing communication is processing. Product Life Cycle Figure 13 Product Life Cycle along with Service Offered, Source: – (Anon., 2010) The graph above shows the life cycle of product having different stages. These stages explain the various status of product marketed or sold. It is not just limited to the volume sold rather also includes the brand image, corporate image of the product. Below the graph there are service offered in the different stages of product life cycle. While introducing a product there has to be a good product management, designing, development plans, testing and deployment. Secondly when it comes to the growth level of a product life cycle, there the focus has to be initiated towards customization, enhancement, versioning, implementation and deployment and testing to penetrate the market of the product. In this stage, every company has to suffer a lot, because the success depends upon the labour and effort done in this stage. Like as going through the Nepalese market of Coca cola, we can find it is still in growth level because it has not reached in every household because of poor infrastructure and lack of marketing integration. Thirdly, the maturity level, when the product gets sustained to up front the market. The market penetration has been fully achieved. Like in UK the data shows that Coca Cola market is in maturity stage as it has now focusing on research and development, product differentiation and still testing is going on for further expansion and diversification. Lastly, when the product gets fully mature in terms of product life cycle it tends do decline because of lack of research and single taste. So, the appropriate measure to rectify is to re-engineering, maintaining and supporting technically. Online Strategies Online Marketing strategies Coca Cola in UK is the top soft fizzy drink, which holds almost about the half of the market share of its kind. Though the trend can be seen like, there are some certain strategies, which is still avoiding it to reach its overall objectives like grow in sales, market share, brand value, corporate value. The world, as it is changing towards the technological tendency, likewise the business has to bend. There are lots of opportunities for the company to follow online strategies to upfront the market. Creating a strong Google ad-words, which is called search engine enhancement, can be a good example. Online advertising can promote and leave impact of the brand in the social community sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Skype etc. Figure 14 Online Marketing Strategy In Nepal, People mostly uses chatting sites like yahoo and MSN where BNL can promote Coke. Customer Relationship Management: IDIC[1] Model Approach Identify, Differentiate, Interact, Customize (marketing model) The IDIC model of marketing suggests that business should take initiatives in order to build closer one-to-one relationships with customers, which are Identify Differentiate Interact Customize. CRM[2]is engrossed upon the improvement of a customer-centered business behavior. This behavior is devoted to sustain customers by addressing and delivering brand image and value in compare to the competitors. Salesforce, an online CRM portal does a good practice of CRM as an IDIC model. The Gartner competency model The vision of CRM: – Leadership, Social worth, Value Preposition CRM strategy: – Objectives, Segments, Effective Interaction. Customer Processes: -Customer life cycle, knowledge management. Valued Customer Experience Organizational collaboration CRM information: – Data Analysis, One view across channel. CRM Technology: – Application, Architecture, Infrastructure. CRM Metrics: -Cost to serve, satisfaction, loyalty, social cost. Figure 16 CRM Value Chain, Source: – (Anon., 2010) The figure above shows the CRM value chain, which implies the keeping of customers with highly interaction and align it with profitability. The coca Cola company in Nepal has not yet applying such kind of strategy as customer relationship management whereas the Company in UK uses different strategies for customer relationship management. The way to manage customer relationship is to use the portals such as sales-force to keep up with the latest changing behaviors of the customers. It assists to update the knowledge and field of existing and prospective customers to the company. Conclusion This report intends to find the difference in advertising media between two countries. The countries in this report have been chosen as Nepal and the United Kingdom. The report, so far, concerns and points out the totally diverse process of marketing communication. Moreover the factors like country’s economic status, matters in consuming the Coke in average in both of the countries. While going through the various marketing models of communication, response models, marketing mix analysis, STP process, product life cycle, advertising media, trends, SWOT analysis, IDIC model of customer relationship management. The reports conclude that these two countries have different approach in meeting its consumer and prospective consumer. Moreover, Nepalese market tends to be creating the market whereas UK market focuses on attracting and keeping the current customers. So far the PLC implies about these two countries Nepalese market are highly proactive within growth as it is in introduct ion phase of the product, whereas UK market is in maturity stage and developing towards the research and development. Advertising media used in Nepal if getting out-dated as UK’s advertising media are technologically advance. Nepalese market STP process are totally based upon its classical theory because the company doesn’t get the government and legal support, whereas UK’s STP is based upon recent research and marketing approach. The online strategies are passive in Nepal as its developing and the trend has not yet been developed. UK’s online strategies are implementing day by day to life up the brand image. Overall, the report exhales that Nepalese Coke marketing is predominated by the perception of the people of the country having the GDP (per capita income) is about app. $410 and on the other hand the UK consumer have the perception of consuming Coke as a top brand. Recommendation Some of the important recommendations are as follows: There should be and correct feedback from the distributers on the actions of retailers, which will assist to develop their competency and reliability. As already discussed about online absence of marketing strategies in Nepal, it has to overhaul the strategies that lead towards up fronting of market. There should be extra attractive and fascinating and active participation towards social activities to strengthen the brand. As a part of public relations Coke should step up serious initiatives towards health concerns of consumers in Nepal. Online advertising in Nepal has to be started to penetrate in among young consumer. Coke in UK has to be active in all the online promotional activities to attract the consumers. CCGB and CCE should start more aggressive marketing of its Coke as they have very good growth and future prospects while there is not much growth in the carbonated beverages sector. BNL should start a campaign to persuading government to provide it the support to penetrate the prospective market. Bibliography Anon., 2007. James O Malley. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://jamesomalley.co.uk/blog/category/coke/† http://jamesomalley.co.uk/blog/category/coke/ [Accessed 3 April 2011]. Anon., 2009. Gender Roles. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS_bH_-nIiLKiyROx9nspGX1xyY5QX_TvfF7vz_nGIIX2vnhzEHzgt=1† http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS_bH_-nIiLKiyROx9nspGX1xyY5QX_TvfF7vz_nGIIX2vnhzEHzgt=1 [Accessed 28 March 2011]. Anon., 2010. Coca Cola GB : Brand. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www.coca-cola.co.uk/brands/category/coca-cola.html† http://www.coca-cola.co.uk/brands/category/coca-cola.html [Accessed 18 Mar 2011]. Anon., 2010. Courseware. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://courseware.finntrack.eu/learners/ops_principles.htm† http://courseware.finntrack.eu/learners/ops_principles.htm [Accessed 3 April 2011]. Anon., 2010. CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM). [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://kasusmanajemen.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/value-chain.png?w=604h=266† http://kasusmanajemen.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/value-chain.png?w=604h=266 [Accessed 4 April 2011]. Anon., 2010. FotoPedia. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://images.cdn.fotopedia.com/f99mkad2ks77v-bWFvmnICGpw-image.jpg† http://images.cdn.fotopedia.com/f99mkad2ks77v-bWFvmnICGpw-image.jpg [Accessed 4 April 2011]. Anon., 2010. Photoshelter. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://picski.photoshelter.com/image?_bqG=0_bqH=eJwrMHUxd7cwLXGqrMixLPcyStHNCglPjwg19nS1MrQyNDAAYSDpGe8S7GybnJ.dqp2YUqwG5sY7.rnYlgDZocGuQfGeLrahIKUp4ZU5ZamVFsVermrxjs4htsWpiUXJGQBx6SACGI_ID=† http://picski.photoshelter.com/image?_bqG=0_bqH=eJwrMHUxd7cwLXGqrMixLPcyStHNCglPjwg19nS1MrQyNDAAYSDpGe8S7GybnJ.dqp2YUqwG5sY7.rnYlgDZocGuQfGeLrahIKUp4ZU5ZamVFsVermrxjs4htsWpiUXJGQBx6SACGI_ID= [Accessed 02 April 2011]. Anon., 2011. Chronicle birth refreshing idea. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/heritage/chronicle_birth_refreshing_idea.html† http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/heritage/chronicle_birth_refreshing_idea.html [Accessed 7 March 2011]. Anon., 2011. Nepal Coca Cola Sabco. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www.cocacolasabco.com/Territory.aspx/Show/Nepal† http://www.cocacolasabco.com/Territory.aspx/Show/Nepal [Accessed 7 March 2011]. Anon., 2011. The Chronicle Of Coca-Cola. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/heritage/chronicle_birth_refreshing_idea.html† http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/heritage/chronicle_birth_refreshing_idea.html [Accessed 7 Mar 2011]. Anon., 2011. The Chronicle Of Coca-Cola. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/heritage/chronicle_birth_refreshing_idea.html† http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/heritage/chronicle_birth_refreshing_idea.html [Accessed 7 Mar 2011]. Anon., n.d. Ivory Research. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www.ivoryresearch.com/sample17.php† http://www.ivoryresearch.com/sample17.php [Accessed 03 April 2011]. Bains, P..F.C..P.K., 2008. In Principles of marketing Management. Oxford: Oxford university Press. p.217. Case Study: Full Case Study Coca-Cola Great Britain Edition 9, 2011. The times 100. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/download-coca-cola-great-britain-edition-9-full-case-study_3_108_101† http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/download-coca-cola-great-britain-edition-9-full-case-study_3_108_101 [Accessed 3 April 2011]. Difference, n.d. Difference : Coke vs Pepsi. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www.diffen.com/difference/Coke_vs_Pepsi† http://www.diffen.com/difference/Coke_vs_Pepsi [Accessed 5 April 2011]. Free Web Space, 2011. Forums : The Coca Cola vs Pepsi War. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www.freewebspace.net/forums/showthread.php?19547-The-coca-cola-vs.-pepsi-war.† http://www.freewebspace.net/forums/showthread.php?19547-The-coca-cola-vs.-pepsi-war. [Accessed 3 April 2011]. The Time 100, 2011. Case study: Full Case Study Coca-Cola Great Britain Edition 9. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/download-coca-cola-great-britain-edition-9-full-case-study_3_108_101† http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/download-coca-cola-great-britain-edition-9-full-case-study_3_108_101 [Accessed 3 April 2011]. How to cite Differences in Media Advertising of The Coca Cola Company across cultures, Essay examples

Implementation of Matrix Organization Structure

Question: Discuss about the Implementation of Matrix Organization Structure. Answer: Introduction: Centralization as a form of organizational structure operates in a manner where all the rights and powers are placed in the hands of the top management level. All the decision making and planning activities are left to the top most authorities. This policy was practiced in earlier days in all organizations with an aim of retaining all the powers within central organization. They controlled all the activities of the low level and middle management. This kind of organization ensures that personal leadership and coordination are easily seen as well as easy distribution of work among workers (Chang and Harrington 1427) However such a structure diminishes the subordinate employees roles within the organization due to the concentration of responsibility and authority in the head office. The junior staff is left to only follow commands from the top managers and not even allowed to actively participate in the decision making processes. There is a possibility of excessively overworking the ju nior staff thus resulting in poor decision making. There is too much bureaucracy within such an organization (Chang and Harrington 46: 1428). Advantages of centralization There is consistence in policies with greater control and procedures that are standardized. Decision making is quicker and the financial control is tight. The customers know what to expect since the branches are identical. The local managers which in most cases are not involved in the running of the organization may be having better knowledge of the customer need. Motivation of local managers is easily affected and there is likely to be inappropriate decision making at local level. This kind of organization involves the assignment of responsibilities and authorities to the low level or middle management by the top level management. Decision making powers are delegated to the departments, divisions units or centre managers. Its therefore an addition over delegation of authority (Radner 1111). With increased competition most managers currently are taking the decision regarding for any delegation of authorities and responsibilities to their subordinates. This gives functional level managers a chance to perform better and freedom to work. Responsibilities are also shared by the high level managers resulting in quick decision making thus saving on time. Its good for business expansion. For nay decentralization process to be effective there is need for open and free communication within the organization (Van Zandt 128). Local managers are empowered and the local knowledge benefits sales within an organization. Promotions are also targeted effectively. Day to day communication with the head office is reduced. The business becomes more flexible as the various managers are able to respond to customer demands faster. Such structure also improves performance and motivation. Disadvantages of decentralization Local managers may fail to see the bigger picture of the organization and some customers may prefer uniformity of branches. Considering their advantages and disadvantages some people tend to think that centralization is better while others may be in favor of decentralization. In old days most business activities were centralized but due to increased competition that requires quick decision making many organizations have opted for decentralization structure (Yang, Huang and Wu 258). However absolute centralization or decentralization is not possible and therefore most organizations are presently equipped with both features. Full decentralization is often an indicator of lack of control over the activities of the subordinates while complete centralization cannot be practical because it means all the decisions are entirely made by the top management (Chang and Harrington 1429). This calls for a balance between these two. My current business operates under a matrix structure which is a combination of both the divisional and functional structures. It brings different skilled workers from various parts of the organization to work together as a team (Kuprenas 51). The reporting relationships are usually set up as a grid or matrix with employees having dual reporting relationships to both a functional and product manager (Laslo and Goldberg 151). Advantages of matrix structure Its adaptable to dynamic environment where there can be frequent changes in the business world. It ensures maximum use of resources because many projects can be handled at a time. It promotes participative management where people work together in a project as a team (Laslo and Goldberg 15). It encourages delegation of duties thus giving sufficient time to top management. It also promotes excellence and inter disciplinary specialization because it involves experts from many disciplines this ensures quality performance and output. It encourages team work development because it involves many members in achieving common objectives (Bartlett and Ghoshal 6). It is a costly structure because it maximizes administrative costs such as paper works and information costs. Its likely to violate unity of command because subordinates have to follow instructions from more than one superior. It faces problems of overspecialization because it involves many experts who meet to discuss unrelated subject matter thus delaying decision making in some cases. Because it demands high levels of interpersonal skills then it faces difficulties in striking a balance. It encourages feeling of insecurity among employees if they are not guaranteed other projects at the completion of one. There is lack of wide coordination due to time limit factor. Lack of commitment is also experienced because many specialists are only appointed in the project for a limited period of time (Davis and Lawrence 139). Woks cited Bartlett, C and Ghoshal, S. Matrix Management Harvard Business Review, 1990 Chang, M. H., Harrington Jr, J. E.Centralization vs. Decentralization in a Multi- unit Organization: A Computational Model of a Retail Chain as a Multi-agent Adaptive System", Management Science, 2000. Davis, S.M. and Lawrence, P.R. Problems of matrix organisations. Harvard Business Review, 1978. Kuprenas, J.A. Implementation of a matrix organization structure. International Journal of Project Management, 2003. Laslo, Z. and Goldberg, A.I. Matrix structures and performance: The search for optimal adjustment to organisational objectives. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2001. Radner, R.. The Organization of Decentralized Information Processing", Econometrica, 1993. Van Zandt, T. Decentralized Information Processing in the Theory of Organizations", Contemporary Economic Development Reviewed, 1999. Yang, L., Huang, C. and Wu, K. The association among project managers leadership style, team work and project success. International Journal of Project Management, 2011.

When Is Revenge Justified Essay Example

When Is Revenge Justified? Paper When someone commits an act of wrongdoing, is it ever fair for the sufferer to take vengeance on them for the crime that the person has committed? The punishment depends on the situation and the form of punishment taken, but In most cases revenge is not justified, and retribution or reparation are better options. If a person commits a crime, they should obviously be punished as with any Justice system. However, revenge should be avoided as an option. Fortunately most Justice systems nowadays do not use revenge as a form of punishment anyway. Revenge is a arm of getting even with someone for the sufferers own satisfaction. This usually means taking the punishment to extremes as far as It takes to satisfy the sufferer. However, the aim of punishing a person for their crime should be to teach the person about their wrongs and prevent them from doing any again. Revenge will not teach them this. Instead it will only anger them and urge them to get even again for the punishment which they have had to withstand. This will lead to a never ending war, where both sides continue to take vengeance for the others punishment or crime. F revenge will not help to teach the person about their mistakes, then what will? We will write a custom essay sample on When Is Revenge Justified? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on When Is Revenge Justified? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on When Is Revenge Justified? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Retribution Is one option. It Is the punishing of someone with a punishment equal to the crime, similar to revenge. However, revenge as a form of punishment uses a punishment more severe than the crime committed. For example, if a burglar steals an item, then what would be the right thing to do? Revenge might include the sufferer inflicting pain on the burglar or stealing something belonging to them but this would not be ethical. The right thing to do would be to use retribution as a form f punishment. This would require the burglar to suffer in a way equal to the punishment. Nowadays, this will be decided by a court and might be a small Jail sentence depending on the severity of the robbery. Another option is reparation. It is a lot like retribution but instead of doing something negative to the person who committed the crime, It requires them to return or give something back of equal value which they might have taken. Using the example from before where a burglar steals an Item, Instead of being sent to Jail, reparation would quire them to give back something of equal value, for example pay a fine, to the person who it was stolen from. Both of these examples include Justly deserved punishments. They are forms of retribution and reparation which are punishments equal to the crime committed so that the person committing it could learn from their mistakes. It would not be right to anger him. This would also urge him to commit more crimes. As the crimes get more serious, retribution as a form of punishment becomes very similar to revenge and this is the only time when revenge is Justified. For example, if a person murders someone else then with retribution, the person should pay the same fate in jail, or in some countries, as capital punishment. The reason that this is similar to revenge is because the sufferers would be satisfied by this. In conclusion, IT a person commits a crime, teeny snouts De punishes In a way Tanat they pay or suffer a punishment of equal value to the crime committed. However, with serious crimes, which include taking a persons life, retribution becomes a lot like revenge and this is the only time at which revenge is Justified.

Mtaphysique camusienne et nietzschisme Essays - Free Essays

Mtaphysique camusienne et nietzschisme Essays - Free Essays Mtaphysique camusienne et nietzschisme Dans les peintures de Masson, le got camusien pour la mythologie grecque se conjugue volontiers l'htrodoxie nietzschenne, celle qui suggre un crateur anticonformiste, en marge de ses contemporains. En tmoigne la troisime lithographie du Mythe de Sisyphe, srie de toiles de 1962 censes illustrer l'essai du mme nom et crit par Camus : l'on y reconnat, malgr l'hermtisme pictural, le rocher dplac par Sisyphe. Seuls les contours d'une silhouette humaine permettent de deviner la figure du malheureux, comme si celui-ci, chtif, s'effaait au profit d'un fardeau irrsistible. Manifestement, Sisyphe ne peut compter que sur lui-mme, ainsi que le suggre l'arrire-plan dont les couleurs et les formes mystrieuses montrent un cosmos sinon hostile, du moins indiffrent. De faon mtonymique, toute l'humanit, en vrit, est peinte dans cette toile, en l'occurrence une humanit aux prises avec un nant qui l'accable et qui correspond au mutisme de la cration. Car non seulement le peintre donne ici voir la faiblesse humaine, mais il indique aussi sa solitude : en cela, l'artiste se montre tributaire de l'enseignement de Nietzsche, savoir la mort de Dieu. Le hros ne purge pas sa peine dans un univers parfait o chacun de ses gestes prend un sens : il volue dsesprment dans un chaos. Tant que Sisyphe ne trouve pas lui-mme une rponse ce silence, il faut imaginer sa tche absurde. Incontestablement, la pense camusienne doit beaucoup au corpus nietzschen, dans le fond comme dans la forme, puisqu'elle reprend des thmes communs dans un projet o la dmarche artistique contrarie la rigueur philosophique. En tant que philosophe-artiste, Nietzsche, n en 1844 et mort en 1900, incarne ainsi une autre voie que le rationalisme des sicles prcdents. Avec d'autres, il peroit les limites de la raison autant que celles de la foi, ce qui explique une ?uvre dont certains passages rsistent toute interprtation certaine, quand le philosophe se cache derrire l'artiste. Et concernant le monde grec, sa pense est elle aussi caractrise par un certain philhellnisme dans la mesure o lui-mme apprcie les prsocratiques, par opposition Socrate, signe pour lui de dcadence. La duplicit du philosophe et de l'artiste parat moins originale chez Camus, car plus tardive, lui qui est n en 1913 et mort en 1960. Sa pense, quant elle, ne vise pas l'hermtisme car elle se veut claire et accessible, contrairement l'aristocratisme nietzschen, mais il faut souligner le vitalisme des deux ?uvres, ce qui les oppose au pessimisme de Schopenhauer. D'un point de vue biographique, le dsir de vivre dcupl de Camus, lequel s'explique en partie par la tuberculose qui l'a menac toute son existence, rappelle une ide majeure de Nietzsche. Car pour celui-ci, toute pense ne se comprend en fin de compte que selon le vcu de celui qui la professe, mme si le projet philosophique tend l'universalit. S'il l'on met en perspective l'?uvre de chacun de ces philosophes, les convergences se rvlent aussi nombreuses que les divergences : la trajectoire de l'lve qui paie sa dette l'gard de son matre avant de prendre ses distances illustre cette logique. Avant mme d'entrer dans le fond, la comparaison entre Ainsi parlait Zarathoustra et Le Mythe de Sisyphe confirme, par le recours au mythe, une certaine htrodoxie philosophique. Le logos, selon les deux auteurs, n'puise pas toutes les modalits de la pense : le mythos, lui aussi, satisfait aux exigences de la vrit. Et sur le fond, ds sa jeunesse, Camus signale avec L'Envers et l'Endroit son attachement presque panthiste l'immanence, tandis que Nietzsche, certes de faon plus critique, s'attaque la transcendance chrtienne dans L'Antchrist. Tous deux, en effet, envisagent le christianisme de faon critique, et principalement ngative, ce qui n'exclut pas pour autant un avis trs complexe sur le sujet, chez l'un comme chez l'autre. Mais Nietzsche ne peut se rduire cette dimension critique, lui qui veut aussi affirmer la ncessit de la jouissance dans ses ?uvres de maturit comme Le Gai savoir. Une telle proccupation ne convient pas Camus, ainsi qu'en tmoigne L'Homme rvolt, essai o le disciple, entre autres, reproche au matre son aspiration la puissance. Dans la mme ide, le titre loquent de Par-del bien et mal rend compte du climat propre chaque auteur, Nietzsche entendant dpasser cette opposition morale quand Camus veut la maintenir.

Nationality, Immigration & Asylum Law Coursework

Nationality, Immigration & Asylum Law - Coursework Example When regarding policy issue, the inextricable link that controls family and welfare raises stark policy issues to welfare practitioners, legal advisors, and all people and organizations concerned with justice in the social policy. It is ultimately counter-productive for the control opponents and deportations to simply parallel home office assault on the third world families in demand of right to the family unity2. This is because family construct, whether extended or nuclear, is personally and politically problematic. The Family Immigration Rights (FAIR) is therefore the organization that campaigns for the reforms and controls. There are emphasizes on different ways used to control and divide families. The manifesto states that: a family is a fundamental and natural group unit in the society and it has the right to protection by the government or state. By this, the work of feminists is ignored by both the Non-Europeans and Europeans, showing the family unity to be neither fundamenta l nor natural. As far as the control is concerned, the lauding family is not just ideological matter3. An inevitable effect is that, it makes it extremely hard for the single persons and the same sex couples to come or stay in UK. Another effect is contradictory arguments which are used in the campaigns against controls that involve women’s relationship with men. ... At stake will be respect for individual wishes to have the ability to live anywhere and with anyone they wanted to. For the women, it means that sovereignty and freedom of choice, free of state and men as immigration controls represent. The immigration controls are mostly based on the loyalty test. The best example is in UK whereby it is a demand that whoever settled there must make a complete break with the origin of the country. These are built juridical into immigration rules. Concerning marriage in UK, it cannot be used to confer automatic citizenship5. It can only be obtained through naturalization if the applicant has permanent stay in UK. The rules on immigration on marriages is stipulated in that when a person enters UK for marriage purposes, the persons or couples are put in probation period of two years. If the couple’s marriage breaks down before the period for any reason, the spouse to the dependant is liable to be deported. This rule was affecting the immigrants f orcing them to stay in an abusive marriage with the fear of being deported if the marriage ends. The immigration control rules for the spouses and partners is globally discussed and employed. The right to family life and privacy respect is widely recognized as basic and fundamental right in human rights laws. In the UK, the rights are protected by Article 8 under Human Rights Act 19986. The main aim of the article is to protect individuals against state agents’ intrusion unless the agent has a good reason in private sphere within which some individuals anticipate being left alone to conduct their own affairs and lead there lives the way they want. The act sets out legal protection of inviolability of psychological and personal space whereby each

Strategic Management analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Management analysis - Essay Example However, since the use of petroleum products began, the adoption of other forms of fuel process has been slow. With the coming of companies like Better Place, the use of electricity to replace oil has been taking root. This company is motivated by the fact that the rise use of Electric Vehicle is slow, despite the fact that these vehicles are environmental friendly. The company has its own mission and vision that refine its focus in the automotive industry. The company’s mission is to first reduce and later eventually eliminate the use and dependence of oil in automobile industry. This mission defines the company’s focus and what it does differently to create value. This is a global company captivated to creating the world a better place. It works with stakeholders in automobile industry to enhance the spread of EVs. 1.2. Vision The company’s vision is to integrate car companies with the other companies like the battery and utilities companies, and consumers in a way that will enhance an increase in the use of EVs. This vision shows the belief of the company that the only way consumers can adopt EVs in a massive way is by overcoming the main challenge behind the use of EVs, which is its mobility. This belief differentiates the company from other value creators who believed that the massive adoption of EVs will be possible only when the battery capacity is increased. This increase will help cars travel over a hundred miles that are currently possible. Therefore, the company believes that it can achieve the generating of EVs by re-engineering cars and not batteries. This is possible by working on the available technologies and involving the relevant profiles in the automobile industries (Rothaermel 2013). 1.3. Stakeholders The table below maps the stakeholders in Better Place Company Stakeholder Claims and Interests Class Investors Transport project that would have higher returns, receive positive image, and innovative. Key player Government Developing a sustainable transport system Key player Auto Manufacturers developing a sustainable transport system Key player Regulatory Bodies Receive information and regulate organization behavior Keep Satisfied Technical specialists Specify the required technologies to meet the company’s requirements Key player Customers Make successful transitions Key player Program manager Budgeting Keep Informed The government and auto manufacturers are in support of a sustainable transport system. Their failure to acknowledge EVs in some instances is a threat. Customers desire to be relieved from the high cost of oil opt for EVs. The company is interested in reducing pollution and consumption of oil. The project is vital in reducing the increasing economic costs that come with high dependency of oil in different industries including transport. To effectively address the concerns of stakeholders, the company needs to integrate the working of different stakeholders to share ideas (Abernat hy, J and Utterback 1975). In addition, customers need to be educated on the significance of EVs. Finally, the company will work to show admirable results in short period to attract more investors. 2. Industry Analysis and Scenarios 2.1. Industry Analysis Better place has can establish its strategy beyond the suppliers bargaining power. The company has numerous suppliers located in different countries who can give vehicle products and other services. In addition, the customers are located in different countries like Australia and United States of America. The main substitute for EVs is the oil. This product has received numerous criticisms regarding its emission on the environment. In a nutshell, suppliers are forced to embrace new initiatives that are environmental friendly (Thompson et al.

My Friends Unconditional Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Friends Unconditional Service - Essay Example For young people today, friends are considered as one of the strongest influential characters and may have been expected to offer genuine care, love and to some extent, service. Friends are important gifts in a person’s life and frequently they serve many roles like confidant and companion. It is through my friends that I learned how to maintain peace, show honesty and respect the feelings of other people. My friends were able to let me properly reflect and assess the situations before making crucial decisions. They tried so hard to convince me by explaining and citing examples of the various consequences, if and when, I engage to undesirable situations like cutting of classes, take my studies for granted, disrespect my parents, involve in the use of prohibited substances and other sources of dilemma. Friends are usually the first to become aware of our experiences of distress. My friends express sincerity and concern, which in the same manner enabled me to be in service to others as well and how I can be more helpful. Indeed my friends keep me out of trouble and all what they have shared, to me are examples of unconditional service. Sometimes when we think about friend’s service and generosity, the size of the gifts they give, or favors they shared are the few concrete things that come across our minds.

Conventions in the UK constituion

Conventions in the UK constituion Introduction Conventions are distinctive to the UK Constitution as they include the practices, customs and behaviour of how the government and state institutions operate. They are considered non-legal rules which are unenforceable. However, there is uncertainty surrounding their definition and position in relation to laws and whether their obligatory nature makes them more than mere habits. Although the UK is a functional democracy, it is one without a written Constitution. Therefore, my aim throughout this essay is firstly to discuss the role of conventions, and how they used to regulate government bodies, for which I will provide a comprehensive account as to their existence and the way in which they are exercised. Secondly, it would be necessary to explore the adverse effect there usage may have on democracy, since there is no formalised procedure which sets out the governments intention on how it should operate, one could argue that its practice could be potentially harmful to society. Thirdl y, it would be essential to establish whether conventions should be codified into a written single document which would provide consistency and certainty into how the government makes its decisions. In order to develop an understanding of the role of conventions it would be sensible to firstly explore their precise definition. Dicey explains they consist of customs, practices, maxims, or precepts which are not enforced or recognised by courts[1]. However, it could be argued that this definition is misleading as Barber mentions courts can recognise anything they wish to recognise[2]. Moreover, as conventions are deemed non-legal rules, does not necessarily mean they are not recognised by the courts which, presents some inconsistency into Diceys theory. The case regarding the patriation of the Canadian constitution in the early 1980s illustrates the fact that courts will sometimes apply conventions even though they are not legally required to do so. It was established in Reference re Amendment of the Constitution of Canada [1982] 105 DLR [3d] 1[3] that under Canadian law any amendments to the Constitution of Canada, an Act was required from the UK Parliament[4]. However, it was by convention that the Canadian Supreme Court should give prior notice to the provinces of any amendments in order to obtain their consent. However, as this convention was recognised it was subsequently ignored and it was claimed that the Canada Act 1982[5] was invalid as the Canadian provinces did not give prior consent. Although, there was no rule of law which required provincial consent to constitutional amendments, the question here was did a convention actually exist? In Jennings three stage theory he suggested that first, what are the precedents; secondly, did the actors in the precedents believe that they were bound by a rule; and thirdly, is there a reason for the rule?[6] In order to analyse this into more detail it would be necessary to put this theory into practice by illustrating the reasons for the courts decision. It was found that five precedents where constitutional amendments had changed provincial legislative powers had directly affected federal-provincial relationsh ips[7]. The majority stated that the accumulation of these precedents, positive and negative, concurrent and without exception does not of itself suffice in establishing the existence of the convention[8], which could suggest that although conventions carry no legal weight the relevant actors were not obliged to be bound by them. In which case Jaconelli argues by focusing on the beliefs held by the relevant actors, appears to suggest an extremely flimsily basis for the existence of constitutional conventions[9]. Moreover, as the Canadian government was forced to delay plans in order to seek consent from the provinces, the agreement from the majority allowed the formation of Canadas 1983 constitution to occur. However, as Jennings three stage tests was applied in this case, the fact that the actors did not consider them binding, does not necessarily excuse the significance of conventions which in this instance supported the courts in their judicial interpretation of a convention from a mere habit. Summary Another case where the courts were unwilling to apply conventions was in Attorney-General v Jonathan Cape Ltd [1976] QB 752[10]. It was held that the publication of the Crossman diaries which included Cabinet proceedings was not in the public interest. The Attorney-General sought to prevent publication on the grounds of a breach of convention. Lord Widgery C.J in his judgement stated that there is no obligation enforceable at law to prevent the publication of cabinet papers and proceedings, except in extreme cases where national security is involved[11]. However, the Attorney-General argued that as part of the convention of collective responsibility the affairs of the Cabinet were confidential and should not be disclosed contrary to public interest. However, the defence for the publishers argued that collective responsibility is a doctrine which has grown up and has never been dignified as a convention[12], which could suggest that as conventions are considered old established practi ces which are not formalised into a set of rules, there is still uncertainty into their use. However, while a convention is deemed non-legal does not necessarily mean they do not have any legal effect, which would correspond with Jenkins statement that a convention can have legal effect despite not being a legal rule[13], which indicates that the political implications of conventions are therefore of undeniable significance. The main purpose of conventions is to prevent the constitution from becoming old-fashioned by bringing consistency and flexibility, which can be modified to suit a continuously evolving constitution. According to Jennings, conventions provide the flesh which clothes the dry bones of the law[14]. Although this may be an over enthusiastic description, it illustrates the wide recognition and appreciation of the purposes served by conventions. Lord Wintons modern view of a convention is to be the main political principles which regulate relations between the different parts of our constitution and the exercise of power but which do not have legal force[15]. However, there are conventions which hold a greater significance than statutory and common-law rules. One of the strongest conventions is that the Monarch gives Royal Assent to Bills duly passed on the advice of her ministers. Since 1708 the refusal to assent to the Scottish Militia Bill 1708[16] by Queen Anne was the last time this v eto was used. However, for the Monarch to refuse her assent to a Bill of which she disapproved, no court would deem the Bill to be an authentic Act of Parliament[17], which would potentially be harmful to society, as this would have prevented an important piece of legislation from being enacted. However, as (Munro 1999) mentions there have been no instances in modern times of legislation being presented for assent against the wishes of the government[18], however there has been on occasion that an assent to bills has either been withheld or delayed. For example on the advice of Unionist the King was undecided as to whether to grant Royal Assent to the Home Rule Act 1914[19] which would allow for the devolution of Ireland to become independent. Although, this Bill was rejected in the House of Lords, the Parliament Act 1911[20] was used to override their decision and it was on the advice of the Prime Minister that the King gave Royal Assent. However, due to the First World War, this A ct never came into being and it was not until the Government of Ireland Act 1920[21] that enabled the patriation of Ireland, which established an Irish Free State. Moreover, the expansion of the convention requiring royal assent helps show that conventions can occasionally carry legal as well as political weight. There has been on occasion where the courts have been unable to accept conventions as a means of redress. The issue arising in Manuel v Attorney General [1983] Ch.77[22] involved the possible crystallisation of a convention into law. It was suggested that the convention of the UK Parliament should not legislate for Canada except with its permission, might have evolved into a law through long term recognition. Slade LJ stated that this case raises issues which are no doubt of great political importance to all peoples of Canada[23]. However, it was concluded that conventions do not possess the power to evolve from political practices to actual laws. This does not necessarily mean that conventions serve no legal purpose and indeed there are some rare occasions where the legal power of conventions is as great as the legal power of laws. However, the breach of a conventional rule can result in a change in law which demonstrates that conventions do exert a certain degree of power in legal fields as well as in areas of a purely political nature. The convention that the House of Lords should not obstruct the policy of an elected government when a majority in the House of Commons exists was thought to have been breached in 1909[24], with a refusal from the House of Lords to accept budget proposals formulated by the Liberal government. The House of Lords was subsequently denied the power to prevent enactment of a measure accepted as a money bill, which was a result of the Parliament Act 1911[25]. However, had this Act not been passed would have resulted in a variety of a political problems which could in fact produce an unstable government which the general public relies on, which fits nicely with Lord Wilsons argument that for the breach of a convention is liable to bring political trouble in one form or another[26]. The refore the fact that Parliament was able to step in and prevent any further episodes of a breach reoccurring not only exemplifies their existence but the behaviour in which conventions are exercised demonstrates the need for them to be followed and obeyed. Although it is rare for courts to apply conventions, they often use conventions as a tool for interpretation. As Jenkins mentions courts were perfectly capable of recognising and applying conventions to provide aid for and background to constitutional or statutory construction[27]. In a privy council appeal case regarding the accession of Canada to independence, the convention of equity status referred in the preamble of the Statute of Westminster Act 1931[28], which was the main grounds for interpreting an otherwise ambiguous section of the Canadian constitution in such a way as to empower Federal Parliament to reject appeals to the privy council from all Canadian courts in civil cases. Similarly when courts have objected to review the grounds on which executive discretionary powers have been exercised, they have relied upon the convention that a minister is responsible to Parliament for the exercise of power. Although it is not necessary for courts to enforce conventions, it is cle ar that these non-legal rules impose a significant weight of obligation. Moreover, as Dr H. V. Evatt argues the practice of enacting conventions gives authoritative decisions about their meaning and application[29], which would suggest that people would be more inclined to obey legal rules rather than non-legal rules. Furthermore, what distinguishes these non legal rules from mere habits is Lord Wilsons statement that conventions which are broken, legal problems would eventually arise. On occasion conventions have been formalised into a written document to provide consistency and certainty. Individual responsibility stipulates that a minister is accountable to Parliament for their own acts and the acts of civil servants in their department, which suggests that ministers are accountable for the misconduct of their subordinates even though he/she had no knowledge of the activity. This would support (Marshall and Moodie 1967) argument that ministers are responsible morally for culpable actions in the same way as everybody else[30]. However, as there is no definitive meaning between the terms accountability and responsibility. This poses some inconsistency into the use of conventions. Therefore, it has been recognised that the principles of ministerial responsibility should be incorporated into the Ministerial Code 2007[31] in order to provide precision and consistency in it us. Conclusion While there may be some uncertainty as to the definition of conventions, collective ministerial responsibility requires that all ministers are united in supporting any policy proposals or legislative measures in the House of Commons. (Marshall and Moodie 1967) defines this as certain rules of constitutional behaviour which are considered binding and upon those who operate the constitution[32]. However, where the government is unable to gain the support of Parliament a formal vote of no confidence is necessary to require the resignation of a UK Parliament. Although Marshall and Moodies statement is wholly acceptable, it illustrates the importance and binding influence of conventions which are highly regarded by the political bodies. However, a convention which exists is that ministers must not knowingly mislead Parliament in serious cases they are required to offer their resignation. In a newspaper article Clare Short ex-International Department Secretary claimed that Tony Blair had m isled Parliament surrounding the legality of the 2003 invasion on Iraq[33]. According to (Tomkins 2003) lying to Parliament is not a legal wrong, but it is a constitutional wrong[34]. Although her resignation was required, there is no statutory rule which exists to regulate the behaviour of a Prime Minister when a general election is known. However, it is a convention that the Prime Minister should resign when he has lost the election, which immediately presents some inconsistency into how the government makes its decision. Although the office of the Prime Minister is created by convention it could be argued that the scope of conventions is uncertain as it is the Queen who can appoint or dismiss ministers at her own pleasure. On conclusion while the definition of conventions has been unclear, conventions have been able to function alongside statute law and legislation to provide a stable government, which demonstrates their consistency and flexibility. Moreover, as there is an obligation to be bound by them there is evidence to suggest their existence, which as illustrated has affected judicial reasoning, by enacting law as well as providing written rules. However, a convention which was applied many years ago may not be applicable today and the idea of unwritten rules would provide instability in the one body that people depend on. Moreover the idea of democracy is one where the public have a say in deciding who goes into government but also how they should be governed. Therefore a convention that is unable to evolve would not provide a clear understanding as to the government intentions. While it may be beneficial to have conventions codified to provide clarity and consistency, it would need to be clear which conventions should be written as to avoid conflict with statutory and common-law rules. However, despite the many criticisms of the use of conventions in the UK Constitution a constitution without conventions would ultimately fail as they are sufficiently flexible rather than laws which are difficult to alter. Therefore, it would be important to codify a convention which has been readily in use, rather than codifying them all into one single document.

Homeless Children Essay -- Child Homelessness, 2014

Introduction In the United States, 1.5 million children are homeless. 1.5 million children are without adequate shelter, nourishment, healthcare, or education. When a child is homeless, it is not just a house that they are without. They are more likely than other children to experience hunger, constant illness, mental disorders, and developmental delays.1 Being homeless negatively affects a child’s overall welfare and ability to thrive within their community throughout their childhood and into their adulthood. It impedes their ability to live a healthy life and gain an adequate education, as children who are homeless face far more obstacles, such as increased health risks and lack of educational opportunities, than children who aren’t homeless. They are less likely to be able to contribute to society, as less than a quarter of homeless children graduate or receive well-paying jobs, making them trapped in a life of poverty. Child homelessness is the perfect portrait of poverty. Chil dren are deprived of their basic needs – shelter, food, safety, and other resources – which are required for any individual to rise out a lifetime of poverty. In the United States, it is every individual’s human right to have their basic needs fulfilled; the government and the U.S. community need to ensure that those rights are being applied to all people in order to create a more flourishing and prosperous society. In an effort to solve the problem of child homelessness, the U.S. government has implemented legislature to provide funding and support for services to the homeless, including provisions under the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001. However, it is not enough. To help homeless children overcome the obstacles of homelessness, such as poor healthcare and education, and put an end to child homelessness the United States government must actively ensure that the problem of child homelessness is being answered. By implementing and following through with the provisions in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which increase the services and funding as included in the McKinney-Vento Act, the U.S. will be making greater strides towards ending homelessness all together. The legislature must also pass the HEARTH Act of 2009 as the reauthorization of the amendment of the McKinney-Vento Act and consider the Homeless Children and Youth Act of 2009 and other legislation... ...ition for the Homeless. June 2008. 5 Apr. 2009 . "Education Pays..." Bureau of Labor Statistics. 6 Mar. 2009. United States Department of Labor. 29 Apr. 2009 . Hart-Shegos, Ellen. Homelessness and its Effect on Children. Ed. Anne Ray. Dec. 1999. Family Housing Fund. 5 Apr. 2009 . p. 4. Homeless Youth. June 2008. National Coalition for the Homeless. 29 Apr. 2009.   . McKinney-Vento Act. National Coalition for the Homeless. June 2008. 6 Apr. 2009.   . McKinney-Vento Reauthorization. Apr. 2009. National Alliance to End  Homelessness. 29 Apr. 2009 http://www.endhomelessness.org/section/policy/legislature/mckinney_vento>. "Summary of the HEARTH Act, as Passed." Homeless Assistance Reauthorization: National Policy Update September 2008. 21 Oct. 2008. National Alliance to  End Homelessness. 23 Feb. 2009 . Path: PDF File. Homeless Children Essay -- Child Homelessness, 2014 Introduction In the United States, 1.5 million children are homeless. 1.5 million children are without adequate shelter, nourishment, healthcare, or education. When a child is homeless, it is not just a house that they are without. They are more likely than other children to experience hunger, constant illness, mental disorders, and developmental delays.1 Being homeless negatively affects a child’s overall welfare and ability to thrive within their community throughout their childhood and into their adulthood. It impedes their ability to live a healthy life and gain an adequate education, as children who are homeless face far more obstacles, such as increased health risks and lack of educational opportunities, than children who aren’t homeless. They are less likely to be able to contribute to society, as less than a quarter of homeless children graduate or receive well-paying jobs, making them trapped in a life of poverty. Child homelessness is the perfect portrait of poverty. Chil dren are deprived of their basic needs – shelter, food, safety, and other resources – which are required for any individual to rise out a lifetime of poverty. In the United States, it is every individual’s human right to have their basic needs fulfilled; the government and the U.S. community need to ensure that those rights are being applied to all people in order to create a more flourishing and prosperous society. In an effort to solve the problem of child homelessness, the U.S. government has implemented legislature to provide funding and support for services to the homeless, including provisions under the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001. However, it is not enough. To help homeless children overcome the obstacles of homelessness, such as poor healthcare and education, and put an end to child homelessness the United States government must actively ensure that the problem of child homelessness is being answered. By implementing and following through with the provisions in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which increase the services and funding as included in the McKinney-Vento Act, the U.S. will be making greater strides towards ending homelessness all together. The legislature must also pass the HEARTH Act of 2009 as the reauthorization of the amendment of the McKinney-Vento Act and consider the Homeless Children and Youth Act of 2009 and other legislation... ...ition for the Homeless. June 2008. 5 Apr. 2009 . "Education Pays..." Bureau of Labor Statistics. 6 Mar. 2009. United States Department of Labor. 29 Apr. 2009 . Hart-Shegos, Ellen. Homelessness and its Effect on Children. Ed. Anne Ray. Dec. 1999. Family Housing Fund. 5 Apr. 2009 . p. 4. Homeless Youth. June 2008. National Coalition for the Homeless. 29 Apr. 2009.   . McKinney-Vento Act. National Coalition for the Homeless. June 2008. 6 Apr. 2009.   . McKinney-Vento Reauthorization. Apr. 2009. National Alliance to End  Homelessness. 29 Apr. 2009 http://www.endhomelessness.org/section/policy/legislature/mckinney_vento>. "Summary of the HEARTH Act, as Passed." Homeless Assistance Reauthorization: National Policy Update September 2008. 21 Oct. 2008. National Alliance to  End Homelessness. 23 Feb. 2009 . Path: PDF File.